America’s grasslands are home to a brilliant array of flowers, and echinacea, or the purple coneflower (Echinacea purpurea), is one of the best. These hardy perennials, with their large daisy-like flowers, make a lovely, water-wise choice for borders, native-grass lawns and xeric gardens.
A cottage garden favorite, growing echinacea creates an impressive display of color, especially when planted among shorter perennials where the showy, purple, pink and white flowers stand above other foliage. Plants bloom heavily from July through September and are popular with both bees and butterflies. This sturdy, eye-catching perennial stands about 3-4 feet tall.
Fun Fact: Echinacea is used medicinally to boost the immune system and is popular for the treatment of flu and colds.
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Quick Guide: Planting, Growing & Caring for Echinacea
- Easy-care, low-water plants produce strong pink blooms
- Plant in full sun; prefers rich soil, but is very adaptable
- Grow from direct-seeding, nursery stock or division
- Attracts bees and butterflies
- Blooms from midsummer to fall; tolerates light frost
Sunlight: Full sun to partial shade
Maturity: 90-120 days from seed to flower
Height: 36 to 48 inches
Spacing: 12 to 24 inches apart in all directions
Site Preparation
Purple coneflowers are not fussy and will endure most conditions. However, give them rich, well-drained soil and plenty of sunshine and plants will thrive. Generous amounts of organic compost or aged animal manure mixed into the ground prior to planting will vastly improve the health of plants (watch Flower Gardening from the Ground Up – video). Coneflowers will tolerate heat and drought.
How to Plant
Echinacea is easy to grow from nursery stock, seed or division. Sow outdoors 1/2 inch deep when a light frost is still possible. Seeds will germinate in 10-20 days. Flowers reliably bloom the first year from seed if sown early (see Summer Flowers for Color).
Pinch off spent flowers on a regular basis — or use them as cuttings in flower arrangements — to extend the blooming period. Apply a quality flower fertilizer several times during the gardening season to promote big, beautiful blossoms. Mulch to prevent weeds, conserve moisture and improve aesthetics.
Cut plants to the ground in late winter after flowers have gone to seed.
Insect & Disease Problems
Echinacea is vulnerable to a number of garden pests including Japanese beetles, aphids and leaf hoppers. Check often and if problems exist, use the following steps for a safe and sane approach to pest control:
- Remove weeds and other garden debris to eliminate alternate hosts.
- Discard severely infested plants by securely bagging and putting in the trash.
- Release commercially available beneficial insects to attack and destroy insect pests.
- Spot treat pest problem areas with neem oil spray or other organic pesticide.
Foliage and flowers are also susceptible to several diseases such as anthracnose, powdery mildew and aster yellows, which will disfigure leaves and flowers. To reduce plant diseases common to coneflowers:
- Avoid overhead watering whenever possible (use soaker hoses or drip irrigation)
- Properly space plants to improve air circulation
- Apply organic fungicides to prevent further infection
Seed Saving Instructions
Purple coneflower will produce lots of seed but you must get there before the birds. When the blooms dry out, cut them off and hang upside down in bundles. The seeds are contained in the heads between the spikes. Once the heads are dry and crisp they can be lightly hand-crushed, with gloves on for protection, and the seed winnowed from the chaff. Read our article on saving heirloom flower seeds here.
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5 Responses to “Echinacea”
Found this very helpful, but all I needed to know was when to plant the seeds … couldn’t seem to find that. 😕 Thanks!
“Sow outdoors 1/2 inch deep when a light frost is still possible. Seeds will germinate in 10-20 days. “
How deep do you plant a transplanted “root”?
I had a hard time figuring light frost comment as well. I am in Texas and am staring at many dried echinacea heads: it’s August- not rain and very hot. Have cut them off and bagged them (paper- never plastic as they will mold in plastic) and wondering if I can plant in fall which would then germinate in spring?
A miracle anything grows here in central Texas in August / September..
Echinacea requires stratification first, that’s why you need to plant before frost. I put the seeds in a small container with moistened vermiculite in the refrigerator (to replicate the cold) for about 3 months and then plant them as soon as I can outdoors in early spring. You can start them indoors sooner if you see the seeds have germinated.