Ferns are among the oldest living plants, growing in a variety of cold, temperate, and tropical climates worldwide. There are at least 12,000 species, ranging from miniature to towering tree forms. These ancient plants, which evolved before flowering plants, reproduce using leaf spores as opposed to seeds.
There are many types of ferns that can flourish in your landscape. The majority of ferns prefer moist, shady environments and are low maintenance, with few pests and diseases. Ferns work well with many other shade plants, either as a soothing green backdrop or as a focal point.
As a master gardener, I’ve successfully grown many different ferns over the years, and this has allowed me to curate a list of the best ones I recommend growing. And so, here are the 20 best ferns to grow, as well as some maintenance tips and why you should consider them:
1. Asparagus Fern (Asparagus Aethiopicus)
Asparagus Fern (Asparagus Aethiopicus) – Photo Credit: Shutterstock.
The Asparagus Fern, also known as Asparagus Sprengeri or Emerald Fern, is an elegant and versatile plant that adds a touch of grace to any setting. Despite its name, it is not a true fern but a member of the Asparagus family.
Its delicate, feathery foliage consists of arching stems covered in small, needle-like leaves. This fern is often used in hanging baskets, containers, or as ground cover in gardens. It is native to South Africa but is now widely cultivated worldwide.
Maintenance: The Asparagus Fern is known for its adaptability and easy maintenance. It thrives in bright, indirect light but can tolerate partial shade. Regular watering is essential, ensuring the soil remains consistently moist.
It prefers well-draining soil and benefits from occasional feeding during the growing season. Pruning dead or yellowing fronds can keep the plant looking neat and healthy.a
Why Consider It: The Asparagus Fern’s lush, green foliage and cascading growth habit make it a popular choice for indoor and outdoor landscaping.
It is particularly attractive in hanging baskets or when used to provide a green backdrop in mixed container arrangements. Plus, this fern is relatively pest-resistant and is known to purify the air, improving indoor air quality.
2. Australian Tree Fern (Cyathea cooperi, syn. Sphaeropteris cooperi)
Australian Tree Fern (Cyathea cooperi, syn. Sphaeropteris cooperi) – Photo Credit: Shutterstock.
The Australian Tree Fern is a magnificent fern that can reach heights of up to 30 feet, creating a striking focal point in any garden or landscape. This tender evergreen perennial has a tall tree-like trunk and large finely textured fronds that form an umbrella-like canopy.
Its large, arching fronds, covered in small, brownish hairs, give it a tropical and prehistoric appearance. Native to Australia, it thrives in humid, shaded environments and is commonly found in rainforests.
Maintenance: While it requires specific conditions to thrive, the Australian Tree Fern is relatively low-maintenance. It prefers a sheltered spot with indirect light and well-draining soil that retains moisture.
Regular watering is necessary to keep the soil consistently moist, especially during dry spells. Applying mulch around the base can help retain moisture and keep the roots cool.
Why Consider It: The grandeur of the Australian Tree Fern is unparalleled, making it a captivating addition to large gardens, parks, and tropical-themed landscapes.
Its unique and towering presence can instantly transform any space into an exotic oasis. Despite its impressive size, it is surprisingly adaptable to container cultivation, adding a tropical flair to patios and balconies.
3. Autumn Fern (Dryopteris erythrosora)
Autumn Fern (Dryopteris erythrosora) – Photo Credit: Shutterstock.
The Autumn Fern is aptly named for its striking color transformation throughout the year. Its new fronds emerge in spring with coppery-pink tones, which gradually mature into a deep green during summer.
As autumn approaches, the fronds turn shades of copper and rusty-red, adding a splash of warm hues to the landscape.
Maintenance: This fern is renowned for its ease of care. It prefers partial to full shade and well-draining soil with organic matter.
While it can tolerate dry conditions, regular watering will help maintain its vibrant color. Pruning dead fronds and spent leaves in early spring can encourage healthy growth.
Why Consider It: The Autumn Fern’s ability to change color provides year-round interest in the garden. Its low maintenance and adaptability to various light conditions make it an excellent choice for landscaping, especially in shaded areas where its vibrant fronds can brighten up dull corners.
4. Christmas Fern (Polystichum acrostichoides)
Christmas Fern (Polystichum acrostichoides) – Photo Credit: Shutterstock.
The Christmas Fern is a hardy, evergreen fern that remains vibrant throughout the year. Its glossy, leathery fronds have a distinctive shape, resembling a Christmas stocking or boot, which inspired its name. Native to North America, it can be found in wooded areas and along rocky slopes.
Maintenance: This fern is relatively low-maintenance and can tolerate a wide range of light conditions, from full shade to dappled sunlight. It prefers well-draining, acidic soil and benefits from regular watering, especially during dry spells. Mulching can help retain moisture and suppress weed growth.
Why Consider It: The Christmas Fern’s evergreen nature means it adds beauty and greenery to the garden even during the winter months. Its adaptability to various light conditions and resistance to pests and diseases make it an excellent choice for naturalistic or woodland gardens. Plus, it provides habitat and cover for various small wildlife.
5. Bird’s Nest Fern (Asplenium Nidus)
Bird’s Nest Fern (Asplenium nidus) – Photo Credit: Shutterstock.
The Bird’s Nest Fern is a striking tropical fern known for its rosette-like growth habit, with new fronds unfurling from the center like a bird’s nest.
Native to Southeast Asia and the Pacific islands, it typically grows as an epiphyte, clinging to trees or rocks, although it can be cultivated in soil as well.
Maintenance: This fern is surprisingly easy to care for and can thrive in bright, indirect light or partial shade. It prefers a well-draining potting mix and regular watering to keep the soil consistently moist. Mist the fronds occasionally to mimic the high humidity it enjoys in its natural habitat.
Why Consider It: The Bird’s Nest Fern’s unique growth habit and lush green fronds make it a captivating addition to any indoor space or shaded garden.
Its adaptability to varying light conditions and minimal maintenance requirements make it a popular choice for beginners or those with limited gardening space.
6. Boston Fern (Nephrolepis Exaltata)
Boston Fern (Nephrolepis exaltata) – Photo Credit: Shutterstock.
The Boston Fern is a timeless classic and one of the most popular ferns for indoor cultivation. With its arching fronds and lacy appearance, it adds a touch of elegance to any setting.
Native to tropical regions, it prefers humid environments and can thrive both indoors and in shaded outdoor spaces.
Maintenance: While the Boston Fern requires a bit more attention than some other ferns, it is still relatively easy to care for. It prefers bright, indirect light and high humidity levels.
Regular watering is essential to keep the soil consistently moist, but overwatering should be avoided to prevent root rot. Misting the fronds or placing the plant on a humidity tray can help maintain the necessary moisture levels.
Why Consider It: The Boston Fern’s graceful appearance and air-purifying abilities make it a popular choice for homes, offices, and covered outdoor spaces. Its versatility and adaptability to various environments have made it a favorite houseplant for generations.
7. Cinnamon Fern (Osmundastrum cinnamomeum)
Cinnamon Fern (Osmundastrum cinnamomeum) – Photo Credit: Shutterstock.
The Cinnamon Fern is a deciduous fern known for its unique and attractive fertile fronds, which resemble cinnamon sticks. Native to North America, it is commonly found in wetlands, swamps, and wooded areas. It has an upright vase-shaped growing habit.
Maintenance: This fern prefers consistently moist, acidic soil with good drainage. It thrives in partial shade to full shade, making it an excellent choice for woodland gardens or areas with filtered light.
While it can tolerate dry periods, regular watering during the growing season will promote healthy growth.
Why Consider It: The Cinnamon Fern’s showy fertile fronds add a touch of intrigue to the garden, especially when they emerge in spring. Its ability to thrive in wet, shady conditions makes it a valuable addition to rain gardens or along the edges of water features.
8. Foxtail Fern (Asparagus Densiflorus)
Foxtail Fern (Asparagus densiflorus) – Photo Credit: Shutterstock.
The Foxtail Fern, also known as the Asparagus Fern or Myers Fern, is a unique fern with a dense, bushy appearance. Native to South Africa, it is not a true fern but belongs to the Asparagus family.
Maintenance: This fern is relatively low-maintenance and can tolerate a range of light conditions, from full sun to partial shade. It prefers well-draining soil and can tolerate periods of drought once established. Regular watering during the growing season will encourage lush growth.
Why Consider It: The Foxtail Fern’s lush and fluffy appearance, resembling a fox’s tail, sets it apart from other ferns. Its resilience to both indoor and outdoor conditions and its ability to thrive in containers make it a popular choice for gardeners looking to add a unique touch to their spaces.
9. Hairy Lip Fern (Cheilanthes lanosa, syn. Myriopteris lanosa)
Hairy Lip Fern (Cheilanthes lanosa, syn. Myriopteris lanosa) – Photo Credit: Shutterstock.
The Hairy Lip Fern, also known as the Woolly Lip Fern, is a small, delicate fern with fine, hairy fronds. It is native to rocky habitats and dry areas, making it well-suited for xeriscaping and rock gardens.
Maintenance: This fern is relatively easy to care for, but it requires specific conditions to thrive. It prefers well-draining, rocky or sandy soil and plenty of sunlight. However, it needs protection from intense midday sun to prevent scorching. Water sparingly, as it is adapted to drier conditions.
Why Consider It: The Hairy Lip Fern’s fine, hairy fronds and compact size add an element of texture and interest to rock gardens or xeriscaped landscapes. Its adaptability to dry conditions and low water requirements make it an excellent choice for water-conscious gardeners.
10. Hart’s Tongue Fern (Asplenium scolopendrium)
Hart’s Tongue Fern (Asplenium scolopendrium) – Photo Credit: Shutterstock.
The Hart’s Tongue Fern is a distinctive fern with long, strap-like fronds that give it an elegant appearance. Native to Europe, it thrives in shaded, rocky habitats and is often found on limestone outcrops. The bright green foliage forms a tidy clump, with brown spores forming a ribbed pattern on the undersides.
Maintenance: This fern is relatively easy to grow and prefers shady, moist conditions. It can tolerate a range of soil types, but well-draining, alkaline soil is ideal. Regular watering will keep it healthy, especially during dry spells.
Why Consider It: The Hart’s Tongue Fern’s unique fronds and ease of maintenance make it a sought-after choice for shade gardens or woodland landscapes. Its evergreen nature ensures year-round beauty, and its tolerance to varying light levels allows for versatile planting options.
11. Holly Fern (Cyrtomium falcatum, syn. Aspidium falcatum)
Holly Fern (Cyrtomium falcatum, syn. Aspidium falcatum) – Photo Credit: Shutterstock.
The Holly Fern, also known as the Japanese Holly Fern, is an evergreen fern with glossy, dark green, holly-like fronds. Native to eastern Asia, it thrives in shaded, woodland environments and is commonly found in forest understories.
Maintenance: This fern is relatively low-maintenance and can tolerate a wide range of light conditions, from partial shade to full shade. It prefers well-draining soil and benefits from regular watering to keep the soil evenly moist. It is relatively pest-resistant and can withstand colder temperatures better than many other fern species.
Why Consider It: The Holly Fern’s glossy, holly-like fronds and evergreen nature add year-round beauty and texture to shaded gardens. Its adaptability to varying light conditions and cold tolerance make it an excellent choice for temperate climates.
12. Japanese Painted Fern (Athyrium nipponicum var. pictum)
Japanese Painted Fern (Athyrium nipponicum var. pictum) – Photo Credit: Shutterstock.
The Japanese Painted Fern is a striking and colorful perennial fern known for its metallic silver and purple fronds. Native to Japan, it thrives in shaded, moist environments and is often found along streams and in wooded areas.
Maintenance: This fern prefers partial to full shade and well-draining, organic-rich soil. It benefits from consistent moisture, but good drainage is essential to prevent root rot. Regular watering during dry spells and regular fertilization will promote lush, colorful growth.
Why Consider It: The Japanese Painted Fern’s unique coloration and vibrant fronds make it an eye-catching addition to shade gardens or woodland landscapes. Its preference for moist environments also makes it suitable for planting near water features.
13. Lady Fern (Athyrium filix-femina)
Lady Fern (Athyrium filix-femina) – Photo Credit: Shutterstock.
The Lady Fern is a graceful and lacy fern with delicate, light green fronds. Native to temperate regions, it thrives in shaded, moist habitats and is commonly found in woodlands and along streams.
Maintenance: This fern is relatively low-maintenance and prefers partial to full shade. It needs consistently moist soil to thrive, so regular watering is essential. Mulching around the base can help retain moisture and keep the soil cool.
Why Consider It: The Lady Fern’s delicate and airy appearance adds a touch of elegance to shaded gardens or naturalistic landscapes. Its tolerance to varying light conditions and ease of care make it a popular choice for creating a lush, green backdrop in the garden.
14. Maidenhair Fern (Adiantum spp.)
Maidenhair Fern (Adiantum spp.) – Photo Credit: Shutterstock.
Maidenhair Ferns are a group of delicate, fan-shaped ferns with thin, black or dark brown stems and fine, airy fronds. They belong to the Adiantum genus, which comprises various species found worldwide.
Maintenance: Maidenhair Ferns prefer bright, indirect light and consistently moist, well-draining soil. They are sensitive to dry conditions and require high humidity levels, so misting the fronds or placing the plant on a humidity tray is beneficial.
Why Consider It: The Maidenhair Fern’s delicate appearance and soft fronds create an ethereal and elegant atmosphere in any setting. While they require a bit more attention, their unique beauty and charm make them highly sought after by indoor plant enthusiasts.
15. Ostrich Fern (Matteuccia struthiopteris)
Ostrich Fern (Matteuccia struthiopteris) – Photo Credit: Shutterstock.
The Ostrich Fern is a large and dramatic fern with tall, upright fronds that resemble ostrich feathers. Native to North America, it thrives in wet, marshy habitats and is often found along riverbanks and in damp woodlands.
Maintenance: This fern prefers consistently moist, acidic soil and partial to full shade. It benefits from regular watering to keep the soil moist but not waterlogged. Providing ample space for its large size and ensuring good air circulation can prevent diseases.
Why Consider It: The Ostrich Fern’s grand and feathery appearance adds a touch of drama and elegance to wetland gardens or naturalistic landscapes. Its impressive height and tolerance to wet conditions make it an excellent choice for creating a lush, green screen in the garden.
16. Royal Fern (Osmunda spectabilis, syn. O. regalis)
Royal Fern (Osmunda spectabilis, syn. O. regalis) – Photo Credit: Shutterstock.
The Royal Fern is a majestic and statuesque fern known for its large, feathery fronds and dramatic presence. Native to North America, it thrives in wet, swampy areas and is commonly found in marshes and along riverbanks.
Maintenance: This fern prefers consistently moist, acidic soil and partial to full shade. It is well-suited to wetland gardens and can tolerate waterlogged conditions. Regular watering during dry spells will keep it healthy, and mulching around the base can help retain moisture.
Why Consider It: The Royal Fern’s regal appearance and imposing height make it a stunning focal point in wetland or woodland gardens. Its ability to thrive in damp conditions and its impressive size make it an excellent choice for creating a lush, green backdrop in large landscapes.
17. Sensitive Fern (Onoclea sensibilis)
Sensitive Fern (Onoclea sensibilis) – Photo Credit: Shutterstock.
The Sensitive Fern is a hardy and adaptable fern known for its shuttlecock-like appearance and unique fertile fronds. Native to North America, it is commonly found in wetlands, along stream banks, and in moist woodlands.
Maintenance: This fern is relatively low-maintenance and can tolerate a range of light conditions, from full sun to partial shade. It prefers consistently moist, acidic soil and can tolerate waterlogged conditions. Regular watering during dry spells will help maintain its lush growth.
Why Consider It: The Sensitive Fern’s unique appearance and ability to thrive in a variety of environments make it a valuable addition to wetland gardens or naturalistic landscapes. Its resilience to wet conditions and ability to tolerate varying light levels make it a versatile choice for gardeners.
18. Staghorn Fern (Platycerium bifurcatum)
Staghorn Fern (Platycerium bifurcatum) – Photo Credit: Shutterstock.
The Staghorn Fern is an extraordinary fern with distinctive antler-like fronds. Native to tropical regions, it typically grows as an epiphyte, attaching itself to trees or rocks, although it can also be grown in soil.
Maintenance: This fern prefers bright, indirect light and high humidity levels. It can be grown in a well-draining potting mix or mounted on a board or tree bark. Regular misting or soaking the plant in water will mimic its natural rainforest habitat and keep it thriving.
Why Consider It: The Staghorn Fern’s unique and sculptural appearance makes it a captivating addition to any indoor space or shaded garden. Its ability to grow without soil and its adaptability to mounting on various surfaces make it a popular choice for vertical gardens or living walls.
19. Western Sword Fern (Polystichum munitum)
Western Sword Fern (Polystichum munitum) – Photo Credit: Shutterstock.
The Western Sword Fern is a robust and native fern known for its arching, sword-like fronds. Native to western North America, it thrives in shaded, moist woodlands and can often be found in coastal regions.
Maintenance: This fern is relatively low-maintenance and prefers partial to full shade. It requires consistently moist, well-draining soil, and regular watering during dry spells will help keep it healthy.
Why Consider It: The Western Sword Fern’s lush, green fronds and elegant appearance make it a popular choice for shaded gardens or naturalistic landscapes. Its tolerance to various light conditions and its robust nature make it a reliable and versatile fern for any garden.
20. Lemon Butter Fern (Nephrolepis Cordifolia ‘Duffii’)
Lemon Butter Fern (Nephrolepis cordifolia ‘Duffii’) – Photo Credit: Shutterstock.
The Lemon Butter Fern, also known as the Lemon Button Fern, is a compact and charming fern with bright green fronds. It is a cultivar of the Nephrolepis Cordifolia species and is often grown as a houseplant.
Maintenance: This fern is relatively easy to care for and prefers bright, indirect light. It requires consistently moist, well-draining soil, and regular watering will help keep it healthy. Misting the fronds occasionally will create a humid environment, replicating its natural habitat.
Why Consider It: The Lemon Butter Fern’s compact size and lush, lemon-scented fronds make it an attractive addition to indoor spaces. Its adaptability to indoor conditions and its relatively low-maintenance requirements make it an excellent choice for houseplant enthusiasts.
Other Fern Guides from Planet Natural:
How to Grow and Care for Bird’s Nest Fern (Asplenium Nidus)
How to Grow and Care for Foxtail Fern (Complete Guide)
Melissa Pino is a biologist, master gardener, and regular contributor for Planet Natural. Melissa's work focuses on promoting environmentally-friendly practices, helping people create healthy gardens and finding ways to achieve overall health and wellness.
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